Water quality measuring instruments
( 2015) Siyang and Kerdcharoen ( 2016), swimming pool Marais et al. Various water quality assessment methods have been reported in different studies such as monitoring of: lakes or ponds Haider et al. Indian water laboratories and public health engineering departments (PHED) rely on chemical-based methods and stand-alone instruments for water quality evaluation and database generation. ( 2009) are also introduced by several researchers and few of them also reached up to commercialization. Further, colorimetric-based water quality sensing kits Ellerbee et al. In early age, water quality measurement was totally dependent on various chemical methods which are time-consuming, less reliable and required skilled human intervention Bartram and Ballance ( 1996) CPCB, Guide Manual. Physiochemical parameters measurement and monitoring are the most concerned issues according to water quality status of various Indian states Singh et al. Water quality judgment depends on large numbers of parameters such as chemical, physical and biological parameters.
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Real-time water quality monitoring is a key to understand the chemical, physical and biological parameters of water samples and also to take remedial action as and when the need arises. Recently, there is a grown interest in the area of remote water quality data collection using various approaches such as wireless sensing node-based water quality measurement Rasin and Abdullah ( 2009), GPRS-based remote water quality analysis Ionel et al.
Water quality measuring instruments manual#
Most of the water laboratories and public health engineering departments are highly dependent on manual data collection and storage process, which is time-consuming and highly prone toward human error. Location-based remote water quality monitoring and data collection have been always a great challenge for different water laboratories and public health engineering departments (PHED). One of the other explored applications is the real-time water quality monitoring of small ponds and lakes.
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The developed water quality measurement system has been used for multiple applications to explore the utility of the system such as instant water quality judgment and real-time water quality analysis of different water sources. Various statistical and artificial neural network-based modeling techniques have been used to convert measured water quality parameters to a single water quality index for easy and rapid judgment. Obtained results have been validated with standard water quality measurement system from Eutech Instruments, and it has been observed that measured and calculated parameters are acceptable according to Indian water quality standards. Overall device has dimensions of 11.0 × 8.0 × 4.0 (in cm), weighs 350 g and runs with 9-V rechargeable battery. Developed smartphone-based application also opens up the possibility to share the data and warnings using different options such as SMS, WhatsApp and E-mail. The developed smartphone-based application provides the facility of auto-calibration feature for rapid and on-site usage. It also provides facility to analyze water quality data with location information on Google map for quick judgment and easy understanding. A dedicated smartphone-based application offers analysis and cloud data storage possibilities.
Water quality measuring instruments Bluetooth#
Front-end readout interface circuit has been designed and interfaced with 8-bit microcontroller along with classical Bluetooth module for measurement, data acquisition, and logging purpose.
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Measured pH and TDS dataset have been used to derive other water quality parameters using standard mathematical relationships such as salinity, oxygen reduction potential and conductivity. Developed system measures pH, total dissolved salt (TDS) and temperature of the water samples using off the shelf available sensors. The presented paper introduces a low-cost battery operated smartphone-based embedded system design to measure different water quality parameters in various remote locations. In other areas, location-based real-time water quality data collection is a tedious job and highly dependent on human intervention. Water quality in rural areas is difficult to monitor due to lack of connectivity from different water laboratories.